Vol: 1 Issue: 1
Design and Analysis of a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for S-Band Wireless Communication Systems
K. A. OJIKUTU, F. 1. ANYASI, S. A. OJOMU
1. INTRODUCTION
Microstrip patch antennas are getting an increasing number of considerable usage in latest Wi-Fi communication systems. Antennas come in a variety of shapes and sizes, including horn antenna, folding dipole antennas, slot antennas, patch antennas, and parabolic reflectors. Each antenna type has its unique set of properties as well as a specific use. We can say that antennas are the backbone of virtually everything in wireless communication, without which the world would not have progressed to this age of technology, and there are various types of applications in this age of technology [10].
Radio frequency (RF) and wireless communication technologies are now widely used in daily life and a variety of industrial applications. In recent years, many wireless communication technologies have emerged, such as wireless local area networks, wireless interoperability for microwave access, wireless broadband, and so on. The microstrip patch antenna is an excellent choice for RF communication system requirements, despite its low gain, disordered emission pattern, and limited bandwidth [11].
Many researchers have published the notion of a microstrip patch antenna, which is a new technique in electronics that may be built on printed circuit boards [16]. These are crucial in today's wireless communication systems.
Using a standard microstrip production technique, microstrip antennae are incredibly simple to construct. To construct a tiny microstrip patch antenna, a substrate with a greater dielectric constant must be employed, resulting in reduced efficiency. Technology and communication applications are rapidly expanding, including medical treatment and remote control of industrial equipment. The technology enhances societal. safety by maintaining security and accelerates a country's economic progress. The wireless communication system has become the most important aspect of our lives. Almost every technology in our daily lives is dependent on it. A microstrip patch antenna is an excellent choice for wireless communication technology [17]. It can give greater bandwidth, greater efficiency, lower power consumption, and greater gain [2], [9].High gain is required in antenna technology to provide maximum energy. FR4 is employed as a substrate in this work because it operates at a higher frequency [19]. A microstrip patch antenna is relatively simple to construct and utilises a more commonly used microstrip fabrication process. The patch can be set in any way imaginable, however, the rectangular and circular designs are the most commonly utilised. These patch antennas are used in the most basic method conceivable for the most diverse and demanding applications [10]. This section discusses the technical work of many microstrip patch antenna articles. The study in [6] provides the layout and fabrication of a microstrip line-fed patch antenna running at 2.4 GHz. The proposed antenna is a communication system that uses the S-band. This paper presents a rectangular microstrip patch antenna designed for use in wireless applications [13]. This microstrip patch antenna's primary purpose is to improve gain, directivity, and bandwidth. A patch antenna with a frequency of 2.4 GHz designed and investigated in [13]. as a possible future technology for wireless communication. The goal of this study was to achieve a little return loss, a larger gain, and a lower voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). This study demonstrates and builds [14], design and performance evaluation of elliptical microstrip patch antennas operating at 2.4 GHz for wireless applications. The performance of these antennas with and without a slot will be compared in this study. A study was performed on three designs of small size, cost-efficient, wide-band microstrip patch antennas utilising FR-4 substrate with suitable dimensions for the 2.5 GHz wireless band. A square microstrip patch antenna is fed from the internal in [12]. As a result, a one-of-a-kind particle swarm optimisation method based on IE3D was utilised to create a linearly polarised inset feed and a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with a four-element array. It is a significant quantity that governs the resonance frequency of the antenna. Given the planning and decision-making that went into the width, height, and depth of the patch and feed line, the length of the antenna is roughly half the length of a wavelength. The antenna was originally designed as a single patch, but after considering its operation frequency, radiation patterns, reflected loss, efficiency, and gain, we chose to redesign it as a 2x1 linear array. The final consideration was how to improve the directivity, growth, efficiency, and radiation patterns of the 4x1 linear antenna array. A low-profile patch antenna was used in 5G communication systems as part of this research [3]. The resonant frequency for 5G has been simulated at 3.5 GHz. The substrate measures 25.2 with the aid of using fortyeight millimetres square. The primary radiating patch is shaped like an ellipse and was created using the line feed method. CST Microwave Studio is the programme that does the simulation. Several parameters, including the S-parameter, antenna gain, directivity, and efficiency, have been measured. With a gain of more than 5 dB, the antenna is a good solution for various sorts of communication. The antenna's design is centred on applications that require 5G connectivity. The research study in [4].built and tested microstrip antennas operating at 3.5 GHz and intended for use in fifth-generation (5G) applications. The required criteria were calculated using Huawei's public policy attitude, Qualcomm's general policy stance, and a Rel-15 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) article. Because microstrip antennas have limited bandwidth, several changes are required. The first step is to compute the antenna's initial dimension, the final step is to simulate and optimise the antenna.
2. METHODOLOGY
This segment examines the layout and improvement of a patch antenna for wi-fi communication exchange as it is well known that it can be put on a printed circuit board for various communication devices. CST and other simulation software are available for designing, simulating, and analysing microstrip antennas. Figure 2 depicts the antenna's dimensions, including the length and width of the ground, patch, substrate, and feed line. The CST microwave studio was used to design, develop, and simulate the microstrip patch antenna. This paper used FR4 as the substrate material in this proposed prototype patch antenna design, with a dielectric of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.6 mm.