Vol: 1 Issue: 1
MODELING AND CONTROL OF DC-DC BIDIRECTIONAL CONVERTER FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE (EV) DRIVE SYSTEM
Okon E. Ekpenyong, Eko J. Akpama, Emmanuel E. Effiong
1. INTRODUCTION
The importance of developing vehicles using alternative energy sources has raised interest in bidirectional Direct Current to Direct Current (DC-DC) converter. This eventually results in increasing the overall efficiency of vehicle. (Mane and A.M Jain 2015). Fossil fuels used in conventional vehicles technology emit greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane. The excessive consumption of these gases causes air pollution, climate change and global warming. In order to reduce these effects, there is a need to use Electric Vehicle (EV) which is environmentally friendly. The EV has much lower cost compared to fossil fueled car since they are mainly composed of battery system, power electronic circuits and electric machine. The battery system in an EV is the most crucial component in charge control time and determining distance. The electric machines of an EV are operated in both motor and generator modes due to regenerative breaking feature that enables electric machine to be operated in generator mode which is impossible in conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Therefore, electric machine charges the battery by operating in generator mode during the regenerative braking and it ensures recharging the batteries. EV are classified into two types as Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and all-electric vehicles. Also, Pure Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are also referred to as Battery-only Electric Vehicles (BOEVs). BEVs have no engine and are propelled by electricity that comes from one or several onboard high-energy batteries. Modern models use a regenerative braking system to save energy. Examples include the Renault Zoe and the Nissan Leaf. The Zoe has a 22 kWh Li-ion battery, and an energy consumption of 14.6 kWh per 100 km. The 2015 Leaf comes with a 24-kWh battery, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) allow electric driving on batteries (in charge-depleting mode), but also conventional combustion fueled driving (in charge-sustaining mode). PHEVs and BEVs use similar batteries, with Li-ion being the most common chemistry. The battery system is the key technology of electric vehicles and defines their range and performance characteristics. (M. K. Rani, V. L. Lakshmi, 2022). Yadlapalli et al., (2022) presented a work on the technological advancements of the electric vehicles (EVs) all over the world. Their first emphasis was on the various types of the EVs along with the energy management strategies (EMSs). The EVs were equipped with different energy storage elements such as lithium-ion batteries, super capacitors (SCs) and fuel cells (FCs). Hence, they optimized the power split between the various energy storage systems (ESSs) under the complex driving conditions. The second imperative aspect was the utilization of the energy efficient wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor technology. The WBG materials presented the superior properties like wide bandgap, high saturated drift velocity and high critical breakdown field. In this paper present modeling and control of Electric Vehicle (EV) drive system using DC-DC bidirectional buck boost converter with fuzzy logic controller.
II.
METHODOLGY
Feedback control technique is adopted for regulation of electric vehicle (EV) battery charge and voltage using bidirectional dc-dc converter with fuzzy logic controller which evaluate voltage error. The electric vehicle drive system comprises of subsystems such as Dc machine (PMDCM), Controller, Bidirectional converter and Lithium ion battery . the system model is developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.